Maple & Bay

Glossary

One-sentence definitions of the agreements, programs, regulators, and statutory mechanisms that Maple & Bay covers. Each term links to the deeper explainer, topic hub, or live tracker.

A-Z

Agreement on Internal Trade · AIT: The 1995 federal-provincial interprovincial trade agreement that the 2017 Canadian Free Trade Agreement replaced.
Bank of Canada · BoC: Canada's central bank, mandated since 1991 to keep inflation within a 1 to 3 percent target band with a 2 percent midpoint, renewed every five years.
Bill C-15: The federal legislation enacting the Clean Electricity Investment Tax Credit as section 127.491 of the Income Tax Act; royal assent March 26, 2026.
Business Formation: Statistics Canada's monthly count of business openings, closings, entrants, exits, and active businesses (Table 33-10-0270-01). Maple & Bay publishes the dataset as a live tracker.
Canada Free Trade Agreement · CFTA: The 2017 interprovincial trade agreement that commits the federal government and all ten provinces and three territories to reduce internal trade barriers via a negative-list approach.
Canada Growth Fund · CGF: A $15 billion federal investment fund established 2023 to de-risk and crowd in private capital for clean-economy projects; PSP Investments manages it through CGFIM.
Canada Infrastructure Bank · CIB: Federal Crown corporation co-financing major Canadian infrastructure projects; Budget 2025 raised its statutory capital cap from $35 billion to $45 billion and set a $20 billion clean-energy financial-close target.
Canada Strong Fund: Canada's first national sovereign wealth fund, announced April 27, 2026, with a $25 billion federal contribution over three years; structured as an arm's-length Crown corporation with a market-rate-return mandate.
Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement · CUSMA: The 2018 trilateral trade agreement that replaced NAFTA on July 1, 2020, with a sixteen-year sunset clause and a six-year joint review due July 1, 2026.
Canadian Dairy Commission · CDC: Federal Crown corporation established 1966, chair of the Canadian Milk Supply Management Committee that allocates national industrial milk supply among provinces.
Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage Investment Tax Credit · CCUS ITC: One of the five Clean Economy ITCs, providing refundable tax credits for CCUS investment; the Spring Economic Update 2026 added enhanced oil recovery as an eligible use at half the standard rate effective April 28, 2026.
CET1: Common Equity Tier 1 capital, the highest-quality regulatory capital banks hold; OSFI requires D-SIB-designated Canadian banks to hold 11.5 percent CET1 inclusive of the Domestic Stability Buffer.
Clean Electricity Investment Tax Credit · Clean Electricity ITC: 15 percent refundable federal credit on Canadian clean-power capital expenditure available to taxable corporations, provincial Crown corps, CIB, and CGF; section 127.491 of the Income Tax Act.
Domestic Stability Buffer · DSB: A Common Equity Tier 1 capital buffer applied by OSFI to the six D-SIB banks, currently 3.5 percent, on top of the global Basel III minimum; adjusted quarterly based on systemic risk conditions.
Foreign Direct Investment · FDI: Cross-border investment giving a foreign investor a controlling or significant interest in a domestic enterprise; U.S. FDI stock in Canada totaled $684 billion CAD at end-2024 on a Statistics Canada immediate-investor basis.
Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act · GGPPA: The 2018 federal statute that authorized both the (now-eliminated) consumer fuel charge and the federal Output-Based Pricing System for industrial emitters.
Labour Force Survey · LFS: Statistics Canada's monthly household labour-market release, the headline read on Canadian unemployment, employment, wages, and hours worked.
Material Change Report · MCR: Form 51-102F3 filed on SEDAR+ within ten days of a material event by every TSX-listed company; the firehose of significant Canadian corporate news.
Monetary Policy Report · MPR: Quarterly Bank of Canada publication providing the staff economic projection, risk assessment, and policy rationale alongside four of the eight annual rate decisions.
Monthly Business Openings and Closures · MBOC: Statistics Canada Table 33-10-0270-01, the experimental seasonally-adjusted monthly count of Canadian business births and deaths at the establishment level.
North American Free Trade Agreement · NAFTA: The 1994 trilateral trade agreement among Canada, the United States, and Mexico that CUSMA replaced on July 1, 2020.
OSFI: The Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions, the federal prudential regulator of Canadian banks, insurance companies, and federal pension plans.
Output-Based Pricing System · OBPS: Canada's federal industrial carbon-pricing regulation; uses emissions-intensity standards per unit of output rather than a flat per-tonne charge. The 2026 excess emissions charge is $110 per tonne.
Parliamentary Budget Officer · PBO: Independent officer of Parliament providing economic and fiscal analysis, costing of legislative proposals, and scrutiny of estimates.
R v Comeau: 2018 Supreme Court of Canada decision (2018 SCC 15) holding that Section 121 of the Constitution Act, 1867 prohibits only laws whose essence and purpose is to restrict interprovincial trade, leaving provincial alcohol monopolies and similar regimes intact.
SEDAR+: The Canadian Securities Administrators system for electronic disclosure by reporting issuers; the public filing surface for prospectuses, material change reports, financial statements, and proxy circulars of TSX-listed companies.
Specified Gas Emitters Regulation · SGER: Alberta's industrial carbon-pricing regulation effective July 1, 2007 through December 31, 2017, the first such regime in Canada; replaced by CCIR (2018-2019) and then TIER (2020-).
Supply Management: Canada's federal-provincial quota and import-control system regulating dairy, chicken, turkey, table eggs, and hatching eggs; roughly $14 billion in annual farm-gate value with dairy at ~$8.9 billion in 2024.
Technology Innovation and Emissions Reduction · TIER: Alberta's current industrial carbon-pricing regulation (since January 1, 2020), the third iteration after SGER (2007-2017) and CCIR (2018-2019).
Tariff Rate Quota · TRQ: A two-tier import tariff: a fixed quantity enters at a low or zero rate, beyond which over-quota tariffs apply. Canada uses TRQs to wall its supply-managed sectors.